How to Set Up a NAS in 7 Steps and Why You Need One

As digitization rises, businesses are in increasing need of innovative data storage solutions. Network-attached storage (NAS) solutions are an optimal option for many organizations but require careful installation to make the most out of them. Thankfully, setting up a NAS is fairly straightforward once IT leaders understand this technology.

What Is a NAS?

A NAS is a device dedicated to storing shared files between users and other endpoints on a network. Think of it as a computer that multiple users on the network can access, but one that only stores data, not performing any actual computing functions. In that way, it’s like an on-premise, miniature version of a cloud data center.

NAS solutions can come in many forms — some look like desktop PCs, while others sit on hardware racks in larger server rooms. In any form, though, they’re a popular choice for many businesses. More than 80% of mid-sized or enterprise-grade companies use a NAS or similar storage array. 

Why Do You Need a NAS?

At first glance, a NAS may seem outdated. After all, the cloud offers several advantages over all forms of on-premise storage. However, NASes still have some noteworthy benefits, even if your organization also uses the cloud.

While the cloud is scalable, it introduces latency concerns in data recovery processes. It also requires a continuous internet connection, and the evolving privacy landscape can raise regulatory complications. A NAS, by contrast, provides faster access, offline storage and full control over compliance concerns.

NAS solutions are most effective as a complement to cloud storage. For example, you can keep most company data on the cloud while holding the highest-sensitivity information on an offline NAS. Alternatively, the NAS could store backups should the cloud encounter security or uptime issues.

Setting Up a NAS: Step-by-Step Guide

Now that it’s clear what one is, you can begin setting up a NAS. Specific steps may vary between hardware options, but the overall process remains the same in all instances.

1. Determine System Requirements

The first step in setting up a NAS is to identify what components it should include. In general, you’ll need at least two hard drives — ideally solid-state drives (SSDs) — an uninterruptible power supply, plenty of RAM, at least one processor, an ethernet connection, a Wi-Fi card and housing to fit it all.

Many businesses buy a ready-made NAS from an enterprise provider, which can simplify the process. Whether you use an off-the-shelf option or build your own, remember to review your budget, storage needs and compatibility concerns to determine what you need.

2. Install the Hardware

After acquiring all the necessary components, it’s time to install them. Companies using a pre-built NAS should follow the manufacturer’s instructions for how to set it up. Those opting to build their own must assemble it like they would a custom PC.

It’s important to ensure plenty of room for cooling around the NAS. High temperatures may cause the device to malfunction, but active cooling accounts for 40% of energy consumption in data centers, which can raise costs. Proper spacing between racks and capitalizing on natural airflow can help you meet both needs.

3. Configure the Network

Once the hardware is all connected, turn the NAS on and follow the software provider’s instructions for installing the operating system. Then, IT teams should assign the device a static IP address so it can function as a remotely accessible server on the company’s local network.

Along similar lines, this is a good opportunity to decide how remotely accessible the NAS will be. Many organizations may only need to connect it to a LAN to serve on-site workers with minimal latency. Those relying on remote workers may need to connect it to the internet so employees can access it from anywhere.

4. Adjust Security Settings

Another vital step in setting up a NAS is to change its security settings. At a minimum, you should change the administrative account’s username and password from their defaults. Brute force attacks account for 51% of all cloud breaches, but a longer, complex and, ideally, hashed password will be resistant to this method.

Businesses should also deploy third-party security software. Anti-malware programs are a must, and real-time network monitoring tools are ideal for organizations moving sensitive data in and out of the NAS.

5. Configure Storage

Next, it’s time to set up how the NAS will store data. The simplest approach is to use all the SSDs together as a single, large database. However, while this provides as much storage space as possible, it’s not secure. Experts recommend storing at least three backups of data to mitigate ransomware attacks, so it’s better to foster some duplication.

Mirroring some drives will reduce the amount of available storage but improves security and access speed. You may also consider assigning some SSDs with additional protections as a dedicated space for your most sensitive data.

6. Create Accounts, Volumes and Access Permissions

After configuring the NAS’s storage, your business is almost ready to deploy it. Set it up for use by creating user accounts for the employees and devices that will access the NAS. Then, divide the file organization into volumes and folders to enable varying access permissions for each.

Ideally, you should employ the principle of least privilege. That means tightening access permissions so that each user or device can only access the volumes or folders necessary to complete their work. While it may slow some workflows, it minimizes the potential damage a single breached account can cause.

7. Connect Devices and Test the NAS

As a final step, connect all authorized company devices to the NAS through the LAN or internet — whichever setup you’ve determined is right for your business. Test it by accessing it through different devices and moving files around to see if all the permissions and storage configurations work as intended.

Setting Up a NAS Is Easy Once You Know the Steps

Learning to set up a NAS is an important step for many organizations. Now that you understand the process, you can establish a storage system that works for your company. While every business may be different, a well-functioning NAS is an asset in any context.